Alzheimer s Disease And Its Effects - 1257 Words

Alzheimer’s in its Full Effect Alzheimer’s disease is named after German physician, Dr. Alois Alzheimer. In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer noticed changes that happened in the brain tissue of Auguste D., who had died of an unusual mental illness. Her symptoms included memory loss, language problems, and unpredictable behavior. So, what exactly is Alzheimer’s? It is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. Alzheimer’s has been detected in nearly 15% of people 71 years of age or older because it is caused by a genetic mutation, the disease gets worse over time, and there is currently no cure for it. Unfortunately, scientists do not fully†¦show more content†¦The Genetic Alzheimer’s disease form is extremely rare. A few hundred people have genes that directly contribute to Alzheimer’s disease. The majority of people with early-onset Alzh eimer’s disease have the common form of the disease. The disease will progress in roughly the same way as it does in older people with Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer’s disease leads to nerve cell death and tissue loss throughout the brain. Over time, the brain shrinks dramatically, affecting nearly all of its functions. In advanced Alzheimer’s, the surface layer that covers the cerebrum, shrinks and withers. This damage to the cortex destroys the normal ability to plan ahead, recall, and concentrate. Alzheimer’s also affects the hippocampus. This part of the brain plays an important role in memory. The disease causes the hippocampus to shrivel, which harms the brain’s ability to create new memories. The ability of doctors to diagnose the disease has improved in recent years, but a conclusive diagnosis can be established only when autopsy or brain biopsy shows that nerve cell loss has occurred in the parts of the brain associated with cognitive funct ioning (Alzheimer’s Disease). Alzheimer’s typically follows certain stages which will bring changes in the affected person’s and family’s lives. Because the disease affects each individual differently, the order in which they appear, and the duration of each stage

Essay On Health Care Cost - 942 Words

Healthcare Costs Balancing the budget in government, while attempting to keep costs down by way of the healthcare delivery system makes for shrewd business practices. I will also examine the burden of health care costs on the government and businesses, also at what extent will Americans be able to afford needed care. Today, we are consistently bombarded with the angst to repeal and replace Obamacare the cost for certain diseases still rank high due to the therapeutic dosage of medication that helps to maintain life. Being efficient in the delivery of health care can wound up being costly if people with pre-existing conditions will not be entitled to health insurance without paying too much money. This project will describe trends in the†¦show more content†¦(Federal Government, as an employer, pays the employer portion of the Medicare hospital insurance tax for Federal employees. These payments remain in the Federal sector.)† (1990). Not much has changed except for the newly proposed h ealth care plan wants to put the burden solely on the individual. If so, how much would a person be able to pay for their health care if they’re faced with having an organ transplant, diabetes, or heart disease if they have middle to lower class incomes. Let’s look at organ transplantation, the cost for therapeutic sustainability can be astronomical over time, so this is a cost-effective decision. After three years of having said transplant, the costs will decrease, as long as the recipient maintains the regimented therapies. The trend in costs includes the following: 30 days pre-transplant, procurement, hospital transplant admission, physical during transplant, 180 days post-transplant discharge, OP immunosuppressants and other medications. The total could differ from $29,000 to $1,600,000 depending on the organ being transplanted. Medicare covers the cost up to three years post, after that the recipient is left to their own devices, often resulting in another organ failure because they can no longer afford the immunosuppressants and other medications or sometimes even the doctors visit. The trend of kidney transplants is 16,438 in 2010, 16,313 inShow MoreRelatedEssay On Health Care Cost1270 Words   |  6 PagesThe everyday American is faced with the cost of health care which covers, treats, and prevents illness. Health care costs include and extend into vast areas such as; insurance, medication, procedures, co-pays, medical testing, and more. Currently, the United States is facing sky rocketing health costs, a decline in quality of services, and minimal access to quality and cost-efficient care. In the year 2015, the National Health Expenditure was roughly $3.2 trillion dollars, which equates to approximatelyRead MoreEssay On Health Care Costs1333 Words   |  6 Pagesubiquitously known that US health care costs are ballooning, according to research hospital costs grew around 8 percent a year, on average, between 1978 and 2008. 8 percent might seem a small number but it was double the CPI (4 percent a year) which measures the overall price rises in the U.S. economy (Baumol, 6-7). Furthermore, 17% of United States’ GDP was spent on health care, this number exceeded every other country’s health care spending (Altman and Shactman, 235). These costs are attributed to aRead MoreEssay On The Cost Of Health Care834 Words   |  4 Pagesthat creates a shortage in family practices. These shortages in front line care can then raise the cost of receiving basic care services patients receive and using a simple supply versus demand equation cost for health care increases. After reviewing all of these costs it is easy to explain why the cost of health care is rising in the US. Physicians make up one of the most important pieces of the entire health care sector of the economy. Nearly all other types of medical professions operateRead MoreLowering Health Care Costs Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesHealth care expenditures is an increasing proportion of gross domestic product (GDP) in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries as its share in GDP increased by an average of nearly 2 percent annually in last 40 years. Health care expenditures in the US increased 6.2 on average annually between 1991 and 2011. Health care spending consisted 17.9 percent of GDP in the US in 2011. There are many elements affecting increases in health care costs. The proportion of old people inRead MoreEssay on Health Care Cost Control1051 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Care Cost Control Controlling the expenses of therapeutic forethought has long been a slippery objective in U.S. wellbeing strategy. Marmor, Oberlander, and White in their article The Obama Administrations Options for Health Care Cost Control: Hope Versus Reality, state that â€Å"The United States spends more than any other country on medical care. In 2006, U.S. medicinal services using was $2.1 trillion, or 16% of our terrible household item. In the meantime, more than 45 million Americans needRead MoreHealth Care Cost For Obesity Essay809 Words   |  4 Pages Trends in Health Care Cost for Obesity The trend of health care costs is still primarily based on treatment and less on prevention. Adult obesity is a significant cause of preventable chronic diseases and one cause of increased health care costs in the United States. The cost of obesity impacts each state and community. Adult obesity can be associated with chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, and some cancers, just to name a few, and account for more than 75 percentRead More Health care cost Analysis Essay655 Words   |  3 Pages Health Care Costs Analysis nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Healthcare is expensive and Americans want the best possible healthcare they can get. Consumers are demanding more tests, better drugs and insurance coverage. Americans desire a high quality of life and insurers/employers are trying to provide the means, but cost effectively and without raising costs. In order to do this, â€Å"consumers will have to make more decisions, pay more and perhaps demand greater value†Read MoreEssay on Rising Health Care Costs818 Words   |  4 PagesRising Health Care Costs for Small Employers One of the biggest problems small employers face today is the steadily rising costs of health coverage for its employees. This paper covers how health care premiums have risen in double digits for the past five consecutive years, how many small businesses are forced to drop health care coverage for their employees because of the out of control costs, and what small businesses are doing to control the costs and still offer health care coverage to theirRead More The Rising Cost of Health Care Essay560 Words   |  3 Pages Rising medical costs are a worldwide problem, but nowhere are they higher than in the U.S. Although Americans with good health insurance coverage may get the best medical treatment in the world, the health of the average American, as measured by life expectancy and infant mortality, is below the average of other major industrial countries. Inefficiency, fraud and the expense of malpractice suits are often blamed for high U.S. costs, but the major reason is overinvestment in technology and personnelRead MoreThe Cost of Dental Health Care Essay2281 Words   |  10 Pagestheir money on. Dental/ oral health care is important to most people in today’s today world. Since the dental/ oral health industry is very big there are many trends that are arising such as the cost of dental care increase or decreasing, market of the industry and lastly global dental industry. There has always been a large cost on any type of health care that is offered in a country. Whether you are paying it in taxes, directly or through insurance. Dental costs have always been high there have

The Prodigal Son Free Essays

Professor M. Smith English 101 The Prodigal Son, a parable told by Jesus Christ on his journey to Jerusalem and retold in the Gospel of Luke found in the New Testament of the Holy Bible, has become more then a tale of hope for Catholic families to hold on to but for all families to hold on to the faith they have for their children, the new generation, to do right in the world.In many cases there is a rebellious child who wishes and tries to break away from the rest of the family because he or she is feed up with the rules of the house laid down by the parents and believe they can live a lifestyle of their choosing, recklessly and with no thought of consequences that inevitably follows. We will write a custom essay sample on The Prodigal Son or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without guidance from our love ones, there is no perseverance and with no perseverance, happiness cannot exist.The message Jesus Christ was trying to convey is that God is patient and all forgiving of us but, it is up to us the sinners to realize that we truly need this forgiveness in our lives to move ahead in a positive manner that will reward us during our remainder on Earth and in Heaven to come. A parable is â€Å"a short story with the intent to teach a lesson to its audience (OED)†. I believe, though the tale is of Christianity descent, religious followers of any practice as well as atheists can relate to this story to themselves at one point in their lives or another.As a loving parent I wish all the wonders of the world for my child and for him to reach great achievements throughout his life that are more important than just being financially secure and materialized. These achievements are too have a better understanding of how to live a more fulfilling life and if religious, have faith in God that Thy will guide you to all that is bliss in the world. I can proudly say that many parents live like I do, for the gratitude of their child’s or children’s well being. In this parable, the father exemplifies a true meaning of love for his child.As the story begins, the father is asked by his youngest son to divide all the estate that will be given to him and his older brother once he passes away. The loving father is left with two choices, ignore his y oungest son’s selfish request and ostracize him, if willing to, from the home or grant the request and wait suffering for his son to return, learning of his poor judgment and betrayal to his father. A numerous amount of parents teach their kids valuable lessons by allowing them to experience hands on rather than just verbally expressing what could ultimately happen.As human beings we learn much through trial and error in efforts that we can grasp the meaning of right from wrong and avoid making the same mistakes over again throughout our lives. â€Å"Not many days later, the younger son gathered all he had and took a journey into a far country, and there he squandered his property in reckless living† (Luke 15: verse 13). The young son proved to be irresponsible and became needy. In efforts to survive he feed pigs for a living but pondered the thought of living at home. ‘How many of my father’s hired servants have more than enough bread, but I perish here with hunger! I will arise and go to my father, and I will say to him, â€Å"Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son. Treat me as one of your hired servants† (17-19). The son did not come to this decision because he acknowledged his wrong doing but simply desperation to feed himself. He believed in doing this act he would have to deal with the anger and rejection of his father and older brother.He was overwhelmed with fear when he saw his father running toward him but he noticed that the expression on his father’s face was full of joy. â€Å"But while he was still a long way off, his father saw him and felt compassion, and ran and embraced him and kissed him. And the son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son† (20-21) and his manipulative speech dissolved into nothing. It was the father’s love and acceptance that showed his son forgiveness.He called for the servants to cloth and prepare a feast for the return of the Prodigal son, â€Å"a person who leaves home and behaves in such a way, but later makes a repentant return (OED),† because â€Å"for this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found† (24). Rather than just interpreting this parable as a religious lesson, that God waits for us to return to his love through penance and goodwill, we can use this as a guide to lead us to gain a better understanding and closeness with not just our parents but with all of whom we’ve been in contact with.It’s not an easy thing to do but, quite alright to fail and admit to being wrong because forgiveness doesn’t begin with God but within us. In some shape or form we have all played the role of the young son, arrogant and lost. Some of us realize, faster than others, that we need forgiveness to overco me. Some of us haven’t forgiven yet those that have hurt us in the past, like the older brother who refused to part take in the return of his young sibling. Forgiveness is a powerful tool that we all possess and that we should all utilize on those who truly seek it. How to cite The Prodigal Son, Papers

Common Law Legislation

Question: Give a definition from legislation or common law Set out the legal burden of proof and the standard of proof Identify which facts support Actus Reus and Mens Rea Support your analysis with relevant case law and commentary from your law books Decide if there are any causation issues Next look at possible defences Give a definition of the defence from legislation or common law Apply the law to the facts by Identifying which facts support a good case for the accused to show that the defence is true Answer: In the given case scenario, Edward has been charged with murder of his wife. Dawn was the wife of Edward and they were married almost for a year. It is mentioned in the case study that Edward used to take class 1 drugs on a regular basis. Moreover, this is also relevant from the case scenario that Edward used to behave violently on various occasion with his wife Dawn. Moreover, from relevant sources it was found that Edward used tom suffer from anxiety psychosis for a long time and thus he was under medication which he had to take on a regular basis. Sometimes, it was noticed that he missed out taking his medication when he was high in drugs. On a very evening, Dawn came late from work and Edward accused her of dating someone behind his back. However, there arguments lasted for hours and Dawn had decided to leave him and going to live with her new boy friend. This lead to a terrific incident as Edward hit her with a fry pan several time on her head and on her body. However, she fell on the floor and Edward continued with kicking until she was dead. Thus, Edward was charged with murder of her wife. Under the law of UK, Murder is defined as an unlawful killing of a human being without a proper and appropriate justification or any kind of proper excuse. Under the court of law, it is relevant that the court does not have the right to convict an individual unless and until the individual has acted something with a criminal intention (Duff, 2010). Under the common law, law of murder is set out in a very effective way stating that murder is nothing but an unlawful killing of a human being in the Queens peace, with malice aforethought. Malice aforethought is a term, known as mens rea (Sayre, 1932). Mens rea means the individual must have the intention to kill or must have the intention to deliver a grievous bodily harm to the victim. Mens rea is a Latin word and meaning of this word Guilty mind (Yaffe, 2004). Thus, men rea deals with the thinking of the defendant during the time of committing the crime. Therefore, this allows the United Kingdom criminal law system to differentiate bet ween the individual who has committed a crime intentionally with the individual who does not committed the crime with any kind of bad intention. This can be referred from the case study of R v Vickers[1957] 2 QB 664. On the other hand, there prevail another important term in the criminal law system of UK which is termed as Actus Reus. This consists of each and every elements of the crime. However, it does not include the state of the mind of the defendant. Elements, which are included, are as follows: conduct, omission, result or may be a state of affairs (Sim, 1955). According to Actus reus, conduct of the defendant must be voluntary in nature if the defendant incurred any kind of liability due to his conduct (Mangiafico, 2004). Various factors are prevailed in the involuntary of the conduct of the defendant, which are as follows: Automatism: this is implicated in the case scenario where the defendant is associated with any type of physical act. But, it must be also satisfied that the defendant was not aware of his/her doing due to various external factors. Reflex action: Action of the individual due to some spontaneous reflex is included in this factor, which the defendant has no control over it. This is also referring sometimes as a part of automatism. Physical force: conduct of the defendant can be considered to be involuntary if there prevail any kind of physical force implemented by someone. As per the law of UK, most important element of Actus reus of murder is that the victim must be a human being. Thus, an individual cannot be charged as a murderer if the individual kills any animal other than human being. This can be referred from the case study of R v Malcherek and Steel [1981] 2 ALL ER. In the given case scenario, Edward has been considered a murderer as he murdered his wife. Edward has the intention to kill her wife as he continued hitting her till she died. Thus, the defendant has the intention to kill her as per the rule of mens rea. The defendant has the guilty mind and intention during the time of committing the act. In this scenario, the conduct of the defendant was voluntary in nature as per the rules of Actus reus. The above-mentioned points must be satisfied for considering the act of the defendant an involuntary conduct. The evidences, which are required to be submitted by the plaintiff against the defendant for winning the trial, are termed as the standard of proof. Standard of proof varies from cases to cases. Thus, the standard of proof is important to please the prosecutor that there does not prevail any doubt regarding the charges, which are charged against the defendant for conducting unlawful act (Keane and McKeown, 2012). As per Section 141 of the criminal law that in a criminal proceeding the court does not have the right to consider the case as proved unless and until the plaintiff represent proper and reasonable prove against the defendant. For example: Miller v Minister of Pensions [1947] 2 All ER 372 There is another term in the law of UK, which is termed as evidential burden of proof. According to the law, the plaintiff must prove the court with the burden of proof that there prevail a case against the defendant and the defendant is answerable for the trial (Duff, 2010). In many cases, it has been noticed that the defendant has some evidence of burden of proof to rise in front of the court in order to defend himself/herself. As per the example: if the defendant is charged for a grievous bodily harm or murder of someone and he claims that he acted like that in order to defend himself from the victim and for the purpose of self defence, then this can be considered to be the burden of proof on the part of the defendant thereby providing an opportunity to defend himself from the charges made against him. In the case scenario, the defendant Edward does not possess the right to defend himself against the charges, which were made against him. However, the plaintiff on the other hand has an ample of evidence against the defendant for conducting murder of his wife Dawn. In this case scenario, Edward had the intentio0n to kill her and therefore he did not stop hitting and kicking her till she died. However, the defendant Edward has some valid grounds on which he can defendant himself from the charges. It is mentioned in the case scenario, that he was suffering from anxiety psychosis and he was under medication. Anxiety make individual feel like going crazy. In various cases, it gets so extreme that it automatically falls under psychosis. In such cases, patients usually losses reality and in many cases the individual is not aware of that fact. Moreover, the issues are also noticed in such patients related to hallucinations or delusions and thus the patient may fail to understand the difference between reality and experiences. Social and behaviour malfunctions also causes with this type of patient. Thus, the defendant Edward has the ground to defend himself in the court by proving that he was not normal and sound like other individual and he was suffering from anxiety psychosis from several years and he was also under medication. But there prevail a problem regarding the medicati on. It was mentioned in the case study, that often he missed out to take his medicine. If on that very particular on which the incident happened he missed out to take his medicine then it will be considered that due to negligence on the part for Edward, the incident happened. Thus, he will be proved guilty for the charges made by the plaintiff against him. As per the above discussion, it can be concluded that the accused should be sent to a mental institution for his treatment and correction of the act he committed. In this case, the court does not have the right to punish the defendant on the grounds of murdering his wife. It is mentioned in the case scenario that the defendant as suffering from severe anxiety psychosis and he was also under medication. This type of patient fails to recognise sometimes what they are doing. Thus, the defendant must be sent to a mental institution for his treatment and correction regarding the act he conducted by murdering her wife. He can refer to the case study of M'Naghten [1843] UKHL J16 House of Lords.